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Reflex tachycardia, during a Valsalva maneuver, is a sign of normal LV filling.
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At this time, BNP seems to be a useful initial test that should not be repeated during short hospital stays.
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Mitral Doppler E/Ea correlates better with PCWP than BNP and is more specific for predicting PCWP > 15 mm Hg.
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The basic conclusion is that we should give the patient just what he or she needs and the devices we implant should be designed to fit the patient.
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Cognitive Effects of Estrogen Therapy; Vitamin Therapy and Restenosis; Echinacea and the Common Cold; Effects of Paxil in Children Under 18; FDA Actions.
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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is nosocomial pneumonia occurring in a mechanically ventilated patient > 48 hours after intubation. It is categorized as early-onset (defined by most experts as 48-96 hours after intubation) and late-onset (> 2-96 hours after intubation): these differ with respect to responsible bacterial agents as well as outcomes. With an estimated incidence of 8-28% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, or 13-35 cases per 1000 ventilator-days, VAP is common.
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This meta-analysis of clinical trials of steroids in septic shock demonstrates that whereas short-term, high-dose administration actually worsens survival, giving lower doses for a longer period hastens shock resolution and improves survival.
