Cardiology
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Chlorthalidone vs. Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension
A subgroup analysis of those with prior myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke in the Diuretic Comparison Project for the treatment of hypertension has found that this higher-risk group experiences fewer major adverse cardiovascular events while taking chlorthalidone compared to hydrochlorothiazide, but at the expense of more hypokalemia.
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The Cath was “Clean!”
The featured electrocardiogram was obtained following successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Although echo done soon after showed akinesis of the anterior wall, no significant coronary narrowing was seen on cardiac catheterization. Can you explain? What is this phenomenon called?
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CVD Risk from Ketogenic Diets
A recent analysis of the UK Biobank data found that subjects on a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet had higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, and an increase in incident major adverse cardiovascular events over a 12-year follow-up than subjects on a standard diet.
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Is Endomyocardial Biopsy Still Necessary if Cardiac MRI Is Available?
A multicenter registry study in Europe of patients with suspected myocarditis has shown that, compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, endomyocardial biopsy still is the gold standard, and lower ejection fraction and need for immunosuppressant drugs predicted a worse outcome.
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Outcomes of Low-Risk Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients Undergoing TAVR
In this prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial, low-surgical risk patients with bicuspid aortic valve anatomy treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement showed favorable results at three years, with low rates of death and disabling stroke.
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Is Anticoagulation Necessary for Post-CABG Surgery Atrial Fibrillation?
A meta-analysis of non-randomized trials of oral anticoagulant use for new atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery involving almost 1.7 million patients has shown that AF is frequent, but the incidence of thromboembolism, bleeding, and death are low. Oral anticoagulants, when given, do not significantly affect thromboembolism or mortality rates, but they do increase bleeding.
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Indications for Reduced-Dose Direct Oral Anticoagulants
A subgroup analysis of the ENGAGE-AF TIMI 48 study of edoxaban 60 mg/day vs. 30 mg/day compared to warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation of the group 80 years of age or older has shown that 30 mg/day results in less major bleeding without a concomitant increase in stroke risk compared to 60 mg/day or warfarin.
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Are Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Safe in Heart Failure Patients with Renal Dysfunction?
A post hoc analysis of the RALES and EMPHASIS HF trials has shown that, although treatment of heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction patients with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists can cause a significant deterioration in renal function, the benefits outweigh the adverse effects and should not lead to automatic therapy discontinuation.
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Is Artificial Intelligence Coming for Your Job?
A retrospective analysis of plain chest X-ray images in the medical record using deep learning in patients suitable for risk assessment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has shown similar results as the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association ASCVD risk calculator for determining who is at sufficient risk to consider statin therapy.
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Empagliflozin Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction
A prespecified further analysis of the EMPACT-MI trial has shown that patients within two weeks of an acute myocardial infarction who are at risk for heart failure who receive empagliflozin compared to placebo have significantly fewer episodes of heart failure hospitalizations over a median follow-up of 18 months.