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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and has been the leading arrhythmic cause for hospitalization.
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The optimal treatment for ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is controversial and suffers from a lack of sufficient study data to build a consensus.
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It is believed that right ventricular (RV) performance in acute pulmonary embolism patients is of prognostic value, but specific RV function parameters are not agreed upon and there are little outcome data in this area.
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The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) showed that implantation of a cardiac-resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) in patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB), Class I or II congestive heart failure (CHF), and an ejection fraction < 30% was associated with a significant reduction in heart-failure events over 2.4 years.
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Most current guidelines recommend exercise electrocardiographic (ECG) testing for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who can exercise and have a normal resting ECG.
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In patients with stable coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) on oral anticoagulants, adding antiplatelet agents is common and recommended in guidelines, especially during the first year after an acute coronary event or revascularization.
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The mortality benefit to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unquestioned when it comes to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
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In patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), surgery is clearly recommended in the presence of any symptoms.
