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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Surgeons Really Are Different; Short-Course Atovaquone/Proguanil for Malaria Prophylaxis; The High Cost of Chronic Lyme Treatment
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Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole Plus Clindamycin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis
A before-and-after intervention study compared 170 patients treated with either oxacillin IV or vancomycin IV for six weeks (plus gentamicin IV given during the first five days) to 171 patients who were treated with TMP/SMZ IV plus clindamycin IV for the first week followed by TMP/SMZ PO (without clindamycin) to complete a six-week course. Mortality and hospital length of stay were significantly less in the TMP/SMZ-treated patients.
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Checkpoint Inhibitors: The First Effective Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?
Enhancing the immune response with checkpoint inhibitors may be beneficial in the management of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a viral disease previously recalcitrant to therapy.
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Significance of Pyuria in Children With Neurogenic Bladder
Pyuria is common in asymptomatic children with neurogenic bladders, especially after bladder surgery. The simple presence of pyuria does not necessarily indicate a need for antibiotic treatment.
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Babesiosis — Increase in Reported Cases in the United States
The number of cases reported to the CDC from 2011-2015 has increased and there is concern about expansion of the areas in which it is transmitted.
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Isavuconazole vs. Caspofungin for Candidemia
In a large, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial, researchers found that isavuconazole did not meet the primary endpoint of noninferiority compared to caspofungin for candidemia and invasive candidiasis.
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Reader Survey Now Available
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Trajectory of Physical Function Recovery May Help Inform Prognosis for Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure
There are several distinct trajectories of recovery after acute respiratory failure. The group with the highest physical function consisted primarily of younger women who experienced less continuous sedation time and shorter ICU length of stay.
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Impact of Early Low-Dose Norepinephrine in Adults Experiencing Sepsis With Hypotension
Adult patients experiencing sepsis with hypotension but who did not meet the definition of septic shock received a median of 800 mL of intravenous fluid prior to initiation of norepinephrine 0.05 mcg/kg/min as a non-titratable infusion. Patients in this early vasopressor group had much lower odds of failing to achieve their primary outcome of adequate mean arterial pressure and tissue perfusion when early norepinephrine was provided.
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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: What’s the Latest?
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an iatrogenic, potentially life-threatening complication that occurs after exposure to heparin therapy in hospitalized patients. Early recognition and timely initiation of treatment are critical for improved prognosis.