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United Kingdom Begins First COVID-19 Human Challenge Study
Lawmakers, academics, and the research community have hotly debated the ethics of a human challenge study since the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Now that the United Kingdom has started dosing patients in its human challenge study, some bioethicists say this trial can show vaccine efficacy in ways the larger vaccine trials cannot.
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Study of COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnant People ‘Too Late’
On Feb. 18, Pfizer and BioNTech announced they would dose about 4,000 healthy pregnant women with the COVID-19 vaccine to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Although pregnant people were excluded initially from the COVD-19 trials, research has shown they are at higher risk for more severe disease.
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Employing Technology and Exergames to Improve Balance Post-Stroke
This small pilot study reveals potential for exergames (activity-based video games) to be used as a telemedicine rehabilitation intervention in improving balance and function in patients six to eight weeks post-stroke.
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Dairy, Bone Health, and Menopause
An analysis of data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation cohort did not reveal a significant association between daily dairy intake frequency, femoral and spine bone mineral density loss, and non-traumatic fracture risk among women transitioning to menopause.
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Exercise Intervention for Improving Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver
A small interventional study assessed the histological appearance of liver biopsies from patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) who completed 12-weeks of structured and supported aerobic exercise. Compared to biopsies from a nonexercising control group, the intervention arm demonstrated some reversal of histopathologic changes caused by MAFLD.
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Atorvastatin and Low-Dose Dexamethasone for Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Chronic subdural hematoma is a common cause of serious neurological morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. Atorvastatin has both an anti-inflammatory effect and the ability to mobilize endothelial progenitor cells, which assist in vascular repair. The investigators proposed that adding a low dose of dexamethasone to atorvastatin treatment might enhance the anti-inflammatory benefits without causing the side effects associated with high doses of corticosteroids.
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Tranexamic Acid in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage Does Not Improve Outcomes
Primary intracerebral hemorrhage is a major cause of severe neurological disability and carries a high rate of death. Tranexamic acid was tested in a study of 2,325 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage within eight hours of symptom onset, but did not significantly improve neurological outcome.
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Tenecteplase vs. Alteplase for Thrombolysis in Basilar Artery Occlusion
Basilar artery occlusion is a dangerous clinical syndrome of large artery occlusion that carries a high morbidity and mortality with severe disability in survivors. In multiple trials, alteplase has shown minimal benefit in achieving reperfusion in patients with large artery occlusion, including the basilar artery. Tenecteplase is a modified variant of alteplase that has greater specificity in binding to fibrin, a longer half-life, and can be administered in a single bolus.
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Brain Cancer and Brain Injury Drive Systemic Immunosuppression
Glioblastoma-associated immunosuppression is a significant factor associated with poor survival in this disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that mouse models of glioblastoma and other brain cancers induce systemic immunosuppression through dysregulation of a newly recognized brain-thymus axis and that targeting this pathway may promote more effective immune surveillance of these tumors.
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Polyradiculoneuropathy from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become an important part of the armamentarium for the medical treatment of cancers such as melanoma and lung carcinomas. A number of immune-mediated neurological complications have been identified during the use of these agents, including polyradiculoneuropathy.