For further research on patient assaults

Here is a partial listing of literature on violence against ED nurses:

• Mayer BW, Smith FB, King CA, et al. Factors associated with victimization of personnel in emergency departments. J Emerg Nurs 1999; 25:361-366.

• Lanza M, Carifio J. Blaming the victim: Complex (nonlinear) patterns of causal attribution by nurses in response to vignettes of a patient assaulting a nurse. J Emerg Nurs 1990; 17:299-309.

• Mahoney B. The extent, nature, and response to victimization of emergency room nurses in Pennsylvania. J Emerg Nurs 1991; 17:283-291.

• Poster E, Ryan J. A multiregional study of nurses’ beliefs and attitudes about work safety and patient assault. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1994; 45:1,104-1,108.

• Rose M. A survey of violence toward nursing staff in one large Irish accident and emergency department. J Emerg Nurs 1997; 23:214-219.

• Pane G, Winarski A, Salness K. Aggression directed toward emergency department staff at a university teaching hospital. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:283-286.

• Lanza M. How nurses react to patient assault. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 1985; 23:1, 6-11.

• Emergency Nurses Association. 1994 ENA survey on prevalence of violence in U.S. emergency departments. J Emerg Nurs 1994; 20(6):34A.

• Koop N, Gilbert P. California Emergency Nurses Association’s informal survey of violence in California emergency departments. J Emerg Nurs 1992; 18:433-439.

• Blank C, Mascitti-Mazur J. Violence in Philadelphia emergency departments reflects national trends. J Emerg Nurs 1991; 17:318-321.