Administering lorazepam for patients receiving general anesthesia questioned
Although sedatives often are administered before surgery, a randomized trial finds that among patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, receiving the sedative lorazepam before surgery, compared with placebo or no premedication, did not improve the self-reported patient experience the day after surgery, but was associated with longer time until extubation and a lower rate of early cognitive recovery, according to a study published in the March 3 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association (doi:10.1001/jama.2015.1108).
Patients scheduled for surgery might experience considerable stress and anxiety. Benzodiazepine premedication is frequently used to reduce anxiety but also causes amnesia, drowsiness, and cognitive impairment. Treating anxiety is not necessarily associated with a better perioperative experience for the patient. More needs to be known about the efficacy of preoperative anxiety treatment to better counsel patients to make informed decisions, according to background information in the article.
Axel Maurice-Szamburski, MD, an anesthesiologist at the Hôpital de la Timone Adulte, Marseilles, France, and colleagues randomly assigned 1,062 adult patients (younger than age 70) who had been scheduled for various elective surgeries under general anesthesia at five French teaching hospitals to receive 2.5 mg of lorazepam (approximately two hours before being transferred to the operating room), placebo, or no premedication. The perioperative patient experience was assessed 24 hours after surgery with a questionnaire.
The researchers found that premedication with lorazepam did not improve a measure of overall patient satisfaction compared with no premedication or placebo. Of the most anxious patients, no significant differences were found for overall patient satisfaction between the groups.
The time to extubation was significantly longer in the lorazepam group (17 minutes) than in the no premedication (12 minutes) and placebo (13 minutes) groups. Forty minutes after the end of anesthesia, the rate of patients scoring as recovered regarding cognition was significantly lower in the lorazepam group (51%) than in the no pre-medication group (71%) and the placebo group (64%). On postoperative day one, the number of patients with amnesia during the perioperative period was higher in the lorazepam group than in the other groups.
“Compared with placebo, lorazepam did reduce patient anxiety upon arrival to the operating room. Because there was no overall benefit from preoperative anxiety treatment, it is possible that anxiety arising upon arrival to the operating room does not influence overall patient satisfaction,” the authors write. “The findings suggest a lack of benefit with routine use of lorazepam as sedative pre-medication in patients undergoing general anesthesia.”
Although sedatives often are administered before surgery, a randomized trial finds that among patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, receiving the sedative lorazepam before surgery, compared with placebo or no premedication, did not improve the self-reported patient experience the day after surgery, but was associated with longer time until extubation and a lower rate of early cognitive recovery, according to a study published in the March 3 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.
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